Festivals & Holidays
Genna (Ethiopian Christmas)
January 7
Genna is the Ethiopian Christmas, occurring simultaneously with other Orthodox Christmas festivities worldwide. This feast signifies the conclusion of the 40-day Advent fasting period.
On Christmas Eve, worshippers attend church services throughout the night, later celebrating with family and friends on Christmas Day.
Lalibela is the most renowned location for Genna celebrations, attracting thousands of pilgrims to the sacred city for this occasion.
Timket (Epiphany)
January 19/20
The Ethiopian celebration of Timket, also referred to as Epiphany, is a symbolic reenactment of Jesus' baptism in the River Jordan by John the Baptist. For Ethiopian Orthodox Christians, it signifies a renewal of their baptismal vows.
This two-day festival begins the day before, when the church's tabot (a replica of the Ark of the Covenant) transported to a nearby location, typically near water, symbolizing Jesus' arrival at the River Jordan. The tabot remains there overnight as priests and worshippers keep vigil, and in the morning, the water is blessed and sprinkled on attendees, renewing their vows, followed by vibrant parades returning the tabot to the church with singing and dancing.
Gondar is a prime location to experience Timket, with the Bath of Fasilidas providing a beautiful setting, alongside Lalibela and Addis Ababa, where celebrations take place at the Jan Meda fairground.
Fasika (Orthodox Easter)
April/May
Fasika, the Ethiopian Easter, is celebrated alongside Orthodox Easter traditions worldwide. It holds significant importance in the Ethiopian Orthodox calendar and follows a lengthy 55-day fast, during which meat and dairy are not consumed. Devout followers eat just one meal of vegetables and lentils a day throughout this period.
On the eve of Fasika, church services are filled with colorful candlelit ceremonies. On the next day, families and friends come together for festive feasts that conclude the fast with Doro wat, a spicy chicken stew, being the traditional dish served.
The festivities extend into the following week, culminating in an unofficial "second Fasika" the weekend after. Additionally, Axum hosts a vibrant procession for Palm Sunday (referred as Hosanna) the week before Fasika, making it a worthwhile visit.
As is customary with many holidays, the celebrations begin the Saturday night before the actual holiday.
Enkutatash
September 11/12
Enkutatash, meaning "Gift of Jewels," marks the Ethiopian New Year celebration.
Ethiopia adheres to the Julian calendar, which has 13 months—12 months of 30 days each and a final month of 5 days (6 in a leap year). This calendar is 7 years and 8 months behind the Gregorian calendar used in much of the Western world.
In 2007 (Gregorian), Ethiopia celebrated the year 2000 and new Ethiopian Millennium with vibrant festivities across the nation.
Enkutatash occurs at the end of a lengthy rainy season, transforming the landscape with bright yellow flowers known as the Meskel Flower (adei abeba in Amharic) and providing a wonderful reason to celebrate the new harvest.
On New Year’s Eve, torches made of dry wood are lit in of homes, and on New Year’s Day, girls in new attire sing songs as they visit neighbors. Families and friends come together for grand feasts.
This day also coincides with the feast day of St. John the Baptist, celebrated at Kostete Yohannes church in the village of Gaynt with three days festivities.
Just outside Addis Ababa, Raguel Church on Entoto Mountain hosts the largest religious celebration in the country.
Meskel
September 27/28
Meskel, or the Finding of the True Cross, commemorates the discovery of the remnants of the cross on which Jesus was crucified. The term "meskel" translates to "cross" in Amharic.
According to Christian tradition, St. Eleni (Empress Helena) uncovered the location of the three crosses used during Jesus' crucifixion. Guided a dream instructing her to light a bonfire, the smoke's direction revealed the burial site of the True Cross. The celebrations kick off the night before with large fires adorned with a cross and meskel flowers. As the bonfire, known locally as demera, is blessed and ignited, crowds sing and dance around it, believing that the smoke's direction will forecast the upcoming year. Once the fire has extinguished, participants mark crosses on their foreheads with the ash.
The largest Meskel celebration occurs in Addis Ababa at Meskel Square, while Gondar, Axum, and Lalibela also host notable festivities.
The most vibrant celebrations are found among the Gurage people in the southwest region of Addis.
